[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/paradox-nekompatibility-hemolyticka-choroba-novorodenca\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/paradox-nekompatibility-hemolyticka-choroba-novorodenca\/","headline":"Paradox nekompatibility. Hemolytick\u00e1 choroba novorodenca","name":"Paradox nekompatibility. Hemolytick\u00e1 choroba novorodenca","description":"Hemolytick\u00e1 choroba novorodenca je spojen\u00e1 s imunologick\u00fdm konfliktom medzi matkou a plodom. Je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ke\u010f krv matky a jej die\u0165a\u0165a nezodpoved\u00e1 v niektor\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch. Pr\u00ed\u010diny konfliktov Rh a konfliktu krvn\u00fdch skup\u00edn Tehotn\u00e1 \u017eena nem\u00e1 antig\u00e9n v krvi, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 jej plod (m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00fd antig\u00e9n krvnej skupiny alebo Rh antig\u00e9n D). Die\u0165a dostane […]","datePublished":"2018-10-10","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53fcaa7178df0f37d30678446939b206ab1017330cccbc8c93b5efa33cddcf51?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53fcaa7178df0f37d30678446939b206ab1017330cccbc8c93b5efa33cddcf51?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hux.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a294510_w16656_t1544463606.png","url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a294510_w16656_t1544463606.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/paradox-nekompatibility-hemolyticka-choroba-novorodenca\/","wordCount":450,"articleBody":"Hemolytick\u00e1 choroba novorodenca je spojen\u00e1 s imunologick\u00fdm konfliktom medzi matkou a plodom. Je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ke\u010f krv matky a jej die\u0165a\u0165a nezodpoved\u00e1 v niektor\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch.Pr\u00ed\u010diny konfliktov Rh a konfliktu krvn\u00fdch skup\u00ednTehotn\u00e1 \u017eena nem\u00e1 antig\u00e9n v krvi, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 jej plod (m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00fd antig\u00e9n krvnej skupiny alebo Rh antig\u00e9n D). Die\u0165a dostane tento antig\u00e9n od otca. Napr\u00edklad nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f tehotn\u00e1 Rh-negat\u00edvna (bez Rhesusovho antig\u00e9nu D) nesie Rh-pozit\u00edvne die\u0165a (m\u00e1 Rh-antig\u00e9n D, ktor\u00fd dostal od otca), alebo ak sa narodil mame s krvnou skupinou I, die\u0165a so skupinou II alebo III.antig\u00e9n.Toto s\u00fa najbe\u017enej\u0161ie mo\u017enosti konfliktu. Ale s\u00fa zriedkavej\u0161ie, ke\u010f die\u0165a zded\u00ed z otca in\u00e9 antig\u00e9ny spektrocytov (ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 meno a sp\u00f4sobuje vlastn\u00e9 charakteristiky priebehu ochorenia). Telo bud\u00facej matky za\u010dne produkova\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne prote\u00ednov\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky proti antig\u00e9nu, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 plod a nie je pr\u00edtomn\u00fd u samotnej \u017eeny. Protil\u00e1tky sa m\u00f4\u017eu za\u010da\u0165 produkova\u0165 skoro – dokonca aj po\u010das tehotenstva, alebo sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavi\u0165 prakticky po\u010das p\u00f4rodu. Tieto protil\u00e1tky m\u00f4\u017eu prech\u00e1dza\u0165 cez placentu k die\u0165a\u0165u.Antig\u00e9ny a protil\u00e1tkyExistuje rovnov\u00e1ha medzi obsahom antig\u00e9nov v erytrocytoch a obsahom in\u00fdch \u0161pecifick\u00fdch prote\u00ednov (protil\u00e1tok) v kvapalnej \u010dasti krvnej plazmy. Protil\u00e1tky s\u00fa ozna\u010den\u00e9 p\u00edsmenami „alfa“ a „beta“.Podobn\u00e9 antig\u00e9ny a protil\u00e1tky (napr\u00edklad antig\u00e9ny A a alfa protil\u00e1tky) by nemali by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v krvi tej istej osoby, preto\u017ee by za\u010dali vz\u00e1jomne p\u00f4sobi\u0165, eventu\u00e1lne ni\u010di\u0165 \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky. Preto osoba, napr\u00edklad s krvnou skupinou III, m\u00e1 antig\u00e9n B v erytrocytoch a alfa protil\u00e1tky v krvnej plazme. Potom s\u00fa \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky stabiln\u00e9 a m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoju hlavn\u00fa funkciu – transport kysl\u00edka do tkan\u00edv.Okrem vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch skup\u00edn antig\u00e9nov (t.j., ktor\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00fa \u010dlenstvo v ur\u010ditej krvnej skupine), existuje ve\u013ea \u010fal\u0161\u00edch antig\u00e9nov v erytrocytoch. Kombin\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto \u00fadajov pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotlivca m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jedine\u010dn\u00e1. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed antig\u00e9n Rh (takzvan\u00fd faktor Rh). V\u0161etci \u013eudia s\u00fa rozdelen\u00ed na Rh-pozit\u00edvnu (vo svojich erytrocytoch je Rh-antig\u00e9n, ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako Rh antig\u00e9n D) a Rh-negat\u00edvny (nem\u00e1 tento antig\u00e9n). Prvou je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina. Samozrejme, v krvi by nemali existova\u0165 protil\u00e1tky proti krvi (analogicky s protil\u00e1tkami v krvn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch), inak by boli \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky zni\u010den\u00e9.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5\/5 - (4 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Paradox nekompatibility. Hemolytick\u00e1 choroba novorodenca","item":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/paradox-nekompatibility-hemolyticka-choroba-novorodenca\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]