[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/chromozomy-dna-a-geny\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/chromozomy-dna-a-geny\/","headline":"Chromoz\u00f3my, DNA a g\u00e9ny","name":"Chromoz\u00f3my, DNA a g\u00e9ny","description":"Bunky obsahuj\u00fa chromoz\u00f3my.\u00a0 Chromoz\u00f3my s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0DNA. DNA \u2013deoxyribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina je zlo\u017een\u00e1 z\u00a0g\u00e9nov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd g\u00e9n vytv\u00e1ra ist\u00fd typ bielkoviny (prote\u00ednu) ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra ist\u00fd znak (vlohu) – prejavuje sa na fyziol\u00f3gii, alebo vzh\u013eade organizmu. \u00a0Napr. g\u00e9n zodpovedn\u00fd za farbu pleti vyprodukuje bielkoviny, ktor\u00e9 tvoria melan\u00edn \u2013 pigment. Preto m\u00e1 niekto poko\u017eku bled\u00fa, hnedast\u00fa, alebo tmavohned\u00fa. Poruchou […]","datePublished":"2018-09-22","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53fcaa7178df0f37d30678446939b206ab1017330cccbc8c93b5efa33cddcf51?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53fcaa7178df0f37d30678446939b206ab1017330cccbc8c93b5efa33cddcf51?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hux.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293685_w16679_t1542906253.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293685_w16679_t1542906253.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/chromozomy-dna-a-geny\/","about":["Zdravie"],"wordCount":414,"articleBody":"Bunky obsahuj\u00fa chromoz\u00f3my.\u00a0 Chromoz\u00f3my s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00a0DNA. DNA \u2013deoxyribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina je zlo\u017een\u00e1 z\u00a0g\u00e9nov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd g\u00e9n vytv\u00e1ra ist\u00fd typ bielkoviny (prote\u00ednu) ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra ist\u00fd znak (vlohu) – prejavuje sa na fyziol\u00f3gii, alebo vzh\u013eade organizmu. \u00a0Napr. g\u00e9n zodpovedn\u00fd za farbu pleti vyprodukuje bielkoviny, ktor\u00e9 tvoria melan\u00edn \u2013 pigment. Preto m\u00e1 niekto poko\u017eku bled\u00fa, hnedast\u00fa, alebo tmavohned\u00fa. Poruchou – mut\u00e1ciou tohto g\u00e9nu doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0r\u00f4znym ko\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom \u2013 m\u00f4\u017eeme dosta\u0165 rakovinu ko\u017ee, alebo ma\u0165 in\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0pigmentom. Takto to funguje s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm g\u00e9nom.DNATis\u00edce rozli\u010dn\u00fdch g\u00e9nov tvor\u00ed DNA. DNA m\u00e1 tvar skr\u00fatenej dvojitej \u0161pir\u00e1ly. Tieto mal\u00e9, okom nevidite\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti s\u00fa podstatou \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov. V\u010faka nim sme \u013eudia a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden z\u00a0n\u00e1s je in\u00fd. Niekto m\u00e1 blond vlasy a\u00a0bled\u00fa poko\u017eku, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 zelen\u00e9 o\u010di, niekto je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, niekto m\u00e1 viac pieh,…. genetika a\u00a0g\u00e9ny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek m\u00e1 in\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie g\u00e9nov v\u00a0DNA. Aj tie najmen\u0161ie zmeny v\u00a0g\u00e9noch sa navonok m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne prejavi\u0165.Ulo\u017eenie g\u00e9novG\u00e9ny maj\u00fa v\u00a0DNA svoje pevn\u00e9 miesto – lokusy. Zmenou ich umiestnenia m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie, m\u00f4\u017ee od toho z\u00e1visie\u0165 pre\u017eitie alebo reprodukcia jedinca.\u00a0Na po\u010dte chromoz\u00f3mov z\u00e1le\u017e\u00edPo\u010det a\u00a0tvar chromoz\u00f3mov je znakom druhu. \u010clovek m\u00e1 23 p\u00e1rov chromoz\u00f3mov, \u010di\u017ee 46 chromoz\u00f3mov. Chromoz\u00f3my tvoria p\u00e1ry pri\u010dom jeden sme z\u00edskali od matky a\u00a0druh\u00fd od otca. Z\u00a0toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee k\u00fdm ka\u017ed\u00e1 bunka v\u00a0na\u0161om tele m\u00e1 46 chromoz\u00f3mov, tie pohlavn\u00e9 maj\u00fa len 23 (spermia a\u00a0vaj\u00ed\u010dko). Nako\u013eko sa ale chromoz\u00f3my p\u00e1ruj\u00fa, spoja sa s\u00a0druhou pohlavnou bunkou a\u00a0vznikne z\u00e1kladn\u00fd re\u0165azec DNA. Takto sa pren\u00e1\u0161a genetick\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia z\u00a0rodi\u010dov na die\u0165a.In\u00fd po\u010det chromoz\u00f3mov maj\u00fa zvierat\u00e1.\u00a0 \u010cloveku najviac podobn\u00fd \u0161impanz m\u00e1 chromoz\u00f3mov 48, prasa 38, v\u010dela 16 a\u00a0rak a\u017e 116.Ak\u00e1ko\u013evek zmena g\u00e9nu sa prejav\u00ed zmenou bielkoviny, ktor\u00fa produkuje. Zmeny m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pozit\u00edvne \u2013 evol\u00facia \u2013 \u013eudstvo sa postupne prisp\u00f4sobuje nov\u00fdm podmienkam. Ak je zmena negat\u00edvna doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0mut\u00e1cii g\u00e9nu a\u00a0t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom k\u00a0zhor\u0161eniu zdravotn\u00e9ho stavu a\u00a0r\u00f4znym ochoreniam.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3\/5 - (3 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Chromoz\u00f3my, DNA a g\u00e9ny","item":"https:\/\/www.hux.sk\/chromozomy-dna-a-geny\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]